ABSTRACT
Objetivo: compreender os significados do luto para as pessoas que enfrentaram a morte de um familiar devido a COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo ação-participante, fundamentado nos pressupostos de Paulo Freire. Participaram 16 familiares, residentes no litoral de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Realizou-se um Círculo de Cultura de modo virtual, seguindo as etapas do Itinerário Freireano. Resultados: os participantes significaram que a vivência do luto do familiar, devido a COVID-19, tirou-lhes a oportunidade de se despedir do ente querido. A pandemia também lhes tirou o emprego, as aulas presenciais dos filhos, encontros, casamentos, abraços e sorrisos. Mas também significaram que trouxe aprendizado, com fortalecimento da espiritualidade e família. Conclusão: o significado do luto permeou inúmeras perdas, restringindo a vivência das etapas do luto. Contudo, houve maior busca pela espiritualidade e religião, com valorização da família e da vida.
Objetivo: comprender los significados del luto para las personas que enfrentaron la muerte de un familiar debido a COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo, del tipo acción-participante, fundamentado en los presupuestos de Paulo Freire. Participaron 16 familiares, residentes en el litoral de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se realizó un Círculo de Cultura de modo virtual, siguiendo las etapas del Itinerario Freireano. Resultados: los participantes significaron que la vivencia del luto del familiar, debido a COVID-19, les quitó la oportunidad de despedirse del ser querido. La pandemia también les quitó el empleo, las clases presenciales de los hijos, encuentros, matrimonios, abrazos y sonrisas. Pero también significaron que trajo aprendizaje, con fortalecimiento de la espiritualidad y familia. Conclusión: el significado del luto ha permeado numerosas pérdidas, restringiendo la vivencia de las etapas del luto. Sin embargo, hubo mayor búsqueda por la espiritualidad y religión, con valoración de la familia y de la vida.
Objective: to understand the meanings of mourning for people who faced the death of a family member due to COVID-19. Method: qualitative study, action-participant type, based on the assumptions of Paulo Freire. Participants were 16 family members living on the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A Culture Circle was held in a virtual way, following the stages of the Freire's Itinerary. Results: the participants meant that the experience of mourning the family, due to COVID-19, took them the opportunity to say goodbye to their loved one. The pandemic also took away their jobs, their children's face-to-face classes, meetings, weddings, hugs and smiles. But it also meant that it brought learning, with strengthening of spirituality and family. Conclusion: the meaning of mourning permeated countless losses, restricting the experience of the stages of mourning. However, there was a greater search for spirituality and religion, with appreciation of family and life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Bereavement , Grief , Family Health , COVID-19/nursing , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Para compreender melhor a percepção de desgoverno e o sentimento de desamparo que se alastraram no Brasil sob a Covid-19, este artigo examina dois momentos históricos relativos à interface peste-desamparo, das perspectivas psicanalítica e política. O primeiro momento trata do entrelaçamento entre vida e obra de Freud e culmina com sua experiência com a pandemia da gripe espanhola, em 1920; o segundo, trabalha a forma pela qual estamos lidando com o advento da pandemia do coronavírus, desde março de 2020, que — até o momento em que escrevo este artigo (janeiro de 2022) — matou mais de 600 mil brasileiros e trouxe o luto para mais de cinco milhões de famílias no mundo. A hipótese deste trabalho assevera que o sentimento de desamparo que estamos vivenciando desvela o negacionismo e o desgoverno que, inclusive, põem em xeque o estado democrático de direito no país.
Resumos To better understand the widespread perception of misgovernment and helplessness in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article examines two historic moments referring to the interface between plague and helplessness, from the psychoanalytic and political perspectives. Firstly, it addresses the intertwining between Freud's life and work, culminating with his experience during the Spanish flu pandemic, in 1920. Secondly, it analyses the measures put in place to combat the coronavirus pandemic, since March 2020, which — until the moment I am writing this article (January 2022) — killed more than 600,000 Brazilians and left more than five million families around the world in mourning. This paper asserts that the feeling of helplessness unveils a state of denialism and misgovernment, which calls into question the Brazilian rule of law.
Pour mieux comprendre la perception répandue de la mauvaise administartion et de l'impuissance au Brésil pendant la pandémie de Covid-19, cet article examine deux moments historiques liés à l'interface peste-impuissance, du point de vue psychanalytique et politique. Premièrement, il traite de l'imbrication entre la vie et l'œuvre de Freud, qui culmine avec son expérience pendant la pandémie de grippe espagnole en 1920. Deuxièmement, il analyse les mesures misen en place pour combattre la pandémie du coronavirus, depuis mars 2020, qui — jusqu'au moment de la rédaction de cet article (janvier 2022) — a fait plus de 600 000 victimes brésiliennes et endeuillé plus de cinq millions de familles dans le monde. Cet essai affirme que le sentiment d'impuissance dévoile un état de négationnisme et de mauvaise gouvernance, qui remet en question l'État de droit et la démocratie au Brésil.
Para comprender mejor la percepción del desgobierno y del sentimiento de desamparo en Brasil durante la crisis del Covid-19, este artículo examina dos momentos históricos relacionados con la interfaz peste-desamparo, desde un punto de vista psicoanalítico y político. El primer momento trata del entrelazamiento entre la vida y la obra de Freud y culmina con su experiencia con la pandemia de gripe española en 1920. El segundo momento se refiere a la forma en que estamos lidiando con el advenimiento de la pandemia de Coronavirus desde marzo de 2020 que, al momento de redactar este artículo (enero de 2022), ha causado más de 600.000 víctimas brasileñas y dejado más de cinco millones de familias en todo el mundo. Este ensayo se basa en el supuesto de que el sentimiento de desamparo que experimentamos se debe a la negación del Covid y al desgobierno. Además, estas dos razones han representado una amenaza para el estado de derecho y la democracia en Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Para compreender melhor a percepção de desgoverno e o sentimento de desamparo que se alastraram no Brasil sob a Covid-19, este artigo examina dois momentos históricos relativos à interface peste-desamparo, das perspectivas psicanalítica e política. O primeiro momento trata do entrelaçamento entre vida e obra de Freud e culmina com sua experiência com a pandemia da gripe espanhola, em 1920; o segundo, trabalha a forma pela qual estamos lidando com o advento da pandemia do coronavírus, desde março de 2020, que — até o momento em que escrevo este artigo (janeiro de 2022) — matou mais de 600 mil brasileiros e trouxe o luto para mais de cinco milhões de famílias no mundo. A hipótese deste trabalho assevera que o sentimento de desamparo que estamos vivenciando desvela o negacionismo e o desgoverno que, inclusive, põem em xeque o estado democrático de direito no país.
Resumos To better understand the widespread perception of misgovernment and helplessness in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article examines two historic moments referring to the interface between plague and helplessness, from the psychoanalytic and political perspectives. Firstly, it addresses the intertwining between Freud's life and work, culminating with his experience during the Spanish flu pandemic, in 1920. Secondly, it analyses the measures put in place to combat the coronavirus pandemic, since March 2020, which — until the moment I am writing this article (January 2022) — killed more than 600,000 Brazilians and left more than five million families around the world in mourning. This paper asserts that the feeling of helplessness unveils a state of denialism and misgovernment, which calls into question the Brazilian rule of law.
Pour mieux comprendre la perception répandue de la mauvaise administartion et de l'impuissance au Brésil pendant la pandémie de Covid-19, cet article examine deux moments historiques liés à l'interface peste-impuissance, du point de vue psychanalytique et politique. Premièrement, il traite de l'imbrication entre la vie et l'œuvre de Freud, qui culmine avec son expérience pendant la pandémie de grippe espagnole en 1920. Deuxièmement, il analyse les mesures misen en place pour combattre la pandémie du coronavirus, depuis mars 2020, qui — jusqu'au moment de la rédaction de cet article (janvier 2022) — a fait plus de 600 000 victimes brésiliennes et endeuillé plus de cinq millions de familles dans le monde. Cet essai affirme que le sentiment d'impuissance dévoile un état de négationnisme et de mauvaise gouvernance, qui remet en question l'État de droit et la démocratie au Brésil.
Para comprender mejor la percepción del desgobierno y del sentimiento de desamparo en Brasil durante la crisis del Covid-19, este artículo examina dos momentos históricos relacionados con la interfaz peste-desamparo, desde un punto de vista psicoanalítico y político. El primer momento trata del entrelazamiento entre la vida y la obra de Freud y culmina con su experiencia con la pandemia de gripe española en 1920. El segundo momento se refiere a la forma en que estamos lidiando con el advenimiento de la pandemia de Coronavirus desde marzo de 2020 que, al momento de redactar este artículo (enero de 2022), ha causado más de 600.000 víctimas brasileñas y dejado más de cinco millones de familias en todo el mundo. Este ensayo se basa en el supuesto de que el sentimiento de desamparo que experimentamos se debe a la negación del Covid y al desgobierno. Además, estas dos razones han representado una amenaza para el estado de derecho y la democracia en Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Este artigo busca discutir os impasses e as possibilidades do trabalho psicanalítico no contexto da pandemia do COVID-19. Para atingir esse objetivo, iniciamos pela caracterização do que é catástrofe e por sua articulação com o conceito de trauma. Em seguida discutimos a trajetória da dor ao sofrimento em sua correlação com modos heterogêneos de destino traumático. Posteriormente, abordamos as exigências do ofício do psicanalista na atual pandemia, dando relevo ao duplo trabalho de luto com o qual o analista depara: o da passagem do setting para a modalidade online e o da pandemia. Finalmente, propomos uma maior elasticidade em nosso labor, a fim de fazer frente a um panorama inédito de nossa clínica e de nossa cultura.
This article discusses the challenges and the possibilities of psychoanalytic work in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We begin by defining catastrophe and establishing its relation to the concept of trauma. Next, we discuss the transition from pain to suffering and its correlation to different traumatic outcomes. After that, we approach the demands of psychoanalytic work in the current pandemic context by emphasizing the psychoanalyst's double mourning labor: one related to the shift of the presential setting to the online setting and the other one related to the pandemic. Last, to face this unprecedented clinical and cultural panorama, we suggest increasing the elasticity of our work.
Cet article cherche à discuter les impasses et les possibilités du travail psychanalytique dans le contexte de la pandémie du COVID-19. Pour atteindre ce but, nous partons de la caractérisation de la catastrophe et de son articulation avec le concept du trauma. Ensuite, nous discutons le passage de la douleur à la souffrance dans son rapport avec les modalités hétérogènes du destin traumatique. Après, nous abordons les exigences de la pratique analytique dans la pandémie actuelle en mettant en évidence le double travail du deuil auquel l'analyste doit faire face : d'abord, le passage du setting au cadre virtuel, mais aussi la pandémie. Finalement, nous proposons d'élargir l'élasticité de notre activité à fin d'affronter ce panorama inédit de notre clinique et de notre culture.
Este artículo busca discutir los impases y las posibilidades del trabajo psicoanalítico en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Para lograr este objetivo, empezamos con la caracterización de la catástrofe y su articulación con el concepto de trauma. A continuación, discutiremos la trayectoria del dolor hasta el sufrimiento en su correlación con modos heterogéneos de destino traumático. Posteriormente, abordamos las demandas del trabajo del psicoanalista en la pandemia actual, enfatizando en el doble trabajo de luto al que se enfrenta el analista: el de la transición del encuadre (setting) hacia el modo en línea y el de la pandemia. Finalmente, proponemos una mayor elasticidad en nuestro trabajo para que podamos enfrentar un panorama sin precedentes en nuestra clínica y en nuestra cultura.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Este trabalho visa propor uma reflexão sobre a importância da vivência coletiva dos processos de luto, interditados pela emergência da pandemia da Covid-19. Com base em ideias trazidas por intercessores que falam da carência de rituais na cultura contemporânea a partir de paradigmas tradicionais, como Ailton Krenak e Davi Kopenawa, somadas aos princípios apresentados pela perspectiva da não-violência agressiva de Judith Butler, as autoras desenvolvem a hipótese de que o luto, quando elaborado coletivamente, através da oferta de espaços seguros de escuta empática e sensível nos quais as narrativas das dores das perdas sejam acolhidas, pode resultar num processo de resolução de traumas, despertando, assim, a potência necessária para uma composição que leve a ações criativas e solidárias de cuidado comunitário. Metodologicamente, se faz uso da cartografia como processo de registro das linhas de força e afetabilidade reveladas por escutas realizadas em grupos junto aos quais as autoras atuam.
Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer una reflexión sobre la importancia de la experiencia colectiva de los procesos de luto, prohibida por el surgimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19. Basado en ideas aportadas por intercesores que hablan de la falta de rituales en la cultura contemporánea de paradigmas tradicionales, como Ailton Krenak y Davi Kopenawa, sumados a los principios presentados por la perspectiva de la no violencia agresiva de Judith Butler, las autoras desarrollan la hipótesis de que el luto, cuando se desarrolla colectivamente, a través de la provisión de espacios seguros para escuchar con empatía y sensibilidad en los cuales las narraciones de los dolores de pérdida son bienvenidos, puede resultar en un proceso de resolución de trauma, despertando así el poder necesario para una composición que conduzca a acciones creativas y de apoyo de atención comunitaria. Metodológicamente, se utiliza la cartografía como proceso para registrar las líneas de fuerza y afectividad reveladas al escuchar grupos con los que trabajan las autoras.
Abstract This paper proposes a reflection about the importance of the collective experience of grieving processes, that were interrupted by the emergency of the COVID 19 Pandemic. It is based on ideas brought by intercessors who tell us about the scarcity of rituals in contemporary culture from the perspective of traditional paradigms, such as Ailton Krenak and David Kopenawa, in alliance with the principles presented by Judith Butler's perspective of aggressive nonviolence. The authors develop the hypothesis that grieving, when collectively elaborated with the offer of a safe environment of empathic and sensitive listening, where the narratives of pain and loss are welcomed, can result in a process of trauma resolution. This way, it awakens the necessary potency for composing creative and solidary actions of common care. Methodologically, the cartography is used as a process to register the lines of force and affectability that are revealed by listening processes in groups which the authors work.
Subject(s)
Violence , Bereavement , Mental Health , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Psychology, Social , Pandemics , Life Change EventsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To cope with the changing health care services in the era of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We share the institutional framework for the management of anomalous fetuses requiring fetal intervention at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. To assess the success of our program during this time, we compare intraoperative outcomes of fetal interventions performed during the pandemic with the previous year. PATIENTS: We implemented our testing protocol on patients undergoing fetal intervention at our institution between March 1, and May 15, 2020, and we compared it with same period a year before. A total of 17 pregnant patients with anomalous fetuses who met criteria for fetal intervention were included: 8 from 2019 and 9 from 2020. METHODS: Our testing protocol was designed based on our institutional perinatal guidelines, surgical requirements from the infection prevention and control (IPAC) committee, and input from our fetal surgery team, with focus on urgency of procedure and maternal SARS-CoV-2 screening status. We compared the indications, types of procedures, maternal age, gestational age at procedure, type of anesthesia used, and duration of procedure for cases performed at our institution between March 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020, and for the same period in 2019. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences among the number of cases, indications, types of procedures, maternal age, gestational age, types of anesthesia, and duration of procedures (P values were all >.05) between the pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019 and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of new institutional protocols during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with appropriate screening and case selection, allows provision of necessary fetal intervention with maximal benefit to mother, fetus, and health care provider.
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a reflection about the importance of the collective experience of grieving processes, that were interrupted by the emergency of the COVID 19 Pandemic. It is based on ideas brought by intercessors who tell us about the scarcity of rituals in contemporary culture from the perspective of traditional paradigms, such as Ailton Krenak and David Kopenawa, in alliance with the principles presented by Judith Butler's perspective of aggressive nonviolence. The authors develop the hypothesis that grieving, when collectively elaborated with the offer of a safe environment of empathic and sensitive listening, where the narratives of pain and loss are welcomed, can result in a process of trauma resolution. This way, it awakens the necessary potency for composing creative and solidary actions of common care. Methodologically, the cartography is used as a process to register the lines of force and affectability that are revealed by listening processes in groups which the authors work. © 2020.
ABSTRACT
At the beginning of 2020 Covid-19-a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus-was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and affected countries on all continents, leading to the death of hundreds of thousands of people. In Brazil, the disease has also spread quickly, requiring measures of social isolation. Marked by overcrowding and precarious infrastructure, brazilian prisons have become an issue of concern for national and international organizations that have demanded releasing measures. In this context, this article analyzes the National Penitentiary Department's proposal to use containers to shelter prisoners, which is against Resolution 62/2020 of the National Council of Justice, that pointed to the reduction of the population deprived of liberty. It is discussed how the disregard for releasing measures and the demand for even more rights-violating propositions lead to the ratification of a death policy for prisoners. © 2020.